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Set Operations

 

The set operators are :  

Union: The Union operation is used to merge the result of two or more SQL SELECT queries. This operation removes the duplicate rows from the result set.

Syntax

SELECT column_name FROM table1  

UNION  

SELECT column_name FROM table2;  

Intersect : This operation is used to merge two SELECT statements. It returns the same rows from both the SELECT statements. The number of data types and columns must be the same.

Syntax:

SELECT column_name FROM table1  

INTERSECT  

SELECT column_name FROM table2; 

 

 

 

Except: Takes the data from the first result set, but not in the second result set (i.e. no matching to each other.

Syntax:

SELECT ID, Name, Gender, Department FROM TableA

EXCEPT

SELECT ID, Name, Gender, Department FROM TableB

 

 Let us consider the following example:  

 

R4 :  FACULTY-1

————————————————————             

FNo FName              DNo Qual           Salary

————————————————————

22 Ria              21   Ph.D.         35000

24 Priya              22   MTech       30000

25 Sia              22   MTech       42000

27 Maggie               23   MTech       28000

30 Alex             23   MTech       32000

33 Ben             24   Ph.D.          33000

35 Becca              24   Ph.D.          32000

37 Justin                25   MTech       26000

39 Pat              25   MTech       24000

40 Jack               25   MTech       34000

————————————————————

 

Example-1 : Find all FNames who are working in Dno 22 or in DNO 24.

(Select FName    

                                 From  FACULTY-1

                                 Where DNo = 22)

         union

                                 (Select FName    

                                 From  FACULTY-1

                                 Where DNo = 24) ;

 

        Output :                              FNames

                                                        Priya              

    Sia          

Maggie

Alex   

 

Example-48 : Find all FNames who are working in Dno 23 and DNO 25.

                                                                (Select FName    

                                 From  FACULTY-1

                                 Where DNo = 23)

                                 intersect

                                 (Select FName  

                                From  FACULTY-1  

          Where DNo = 25) ;

 

        Output :                              FNames

                                                           N I L

Reference

Set Operations